Houston T (2019) A guide to native bees of Australia. The resource-based mating system of the mediterranean pollen wasp Ceramius fonscolombei Latreille 1810 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Masarinae), Journal of Insect Behavior, № 17, с. 261ĭirect evidence for eudicot pollen-feeding in a Cretaceous stinging wasp (Angiospermae Hymenoptera, Aculeata) preserved in Burmese amber, Communications Biology, № 2, с. Phylogeny of the bee family Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) based on adult morphology, Systematic Entomology, № 37, с. 103įlower visiting by masarid wasps in southern Africa (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Masaridae), Annals of the Cape provincial Museums, № 18, с. The nesting biology of Dufourea novaeangliae (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) and the systematic position of the Dufoureinae based on behavior and development, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, № 59, с. The impact of molecular data on our understanding of bee phylogeny and evolution, Annual Review of Entomology, № 58, с. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 472 pp. 635ĭanforth BN, Minckley RL, Neff JL (2019) The solitary bees: Biology, evolution, conservation. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic Macrotera, Macroteropsis, Macroterella and Cockerellula (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), University of Kansas Science Bulletin, № 55, с. Provisioning behavior and the estimation of investment ratios in a solitary bee, Calliopsis (Hypomacrotera) persimilis (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, № 27, с. Nesting behavior of four species of Perdita (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae), Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, № 62, с. 145Ĭhecklist of species of the subfamily Masarinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), American Museum Novitates, № 3325, с. Nesting habits and larva of Pulverro monticola, Pan-Pacific Entomologist, № 48, с. 169īohart GE, Menke AS (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World. Red maple (Acer rubrum L.), an important early spring food resource for honey bees and other insects, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, № 58, с. The evolutionary history of bees has many implications for the biology of bees in the present day, and I lay out a number of predictions that could help confirm or refute my hypotheses.īehavior of the social bee, Lasioglossum zephyrum, within the nest (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), Insectes Sociaux, № 11, с. This marks a return to the earlier hypothesis that crop transport is ancestral, and it also represents the first in-depth hypothesis to explain how external transport of moistened pollen could have evolved. Overall, I lay out a broad hypothetical framework to explain the origin and subsequent evolution of pollen transport in bees. Examination of the evolution of pollen transport of pollen wasps (subfamily Masarinae) reveals that they have undergone a parallel evolutionary change. I illustrate many of these hypothetical evolutionary steps using modern-day bee behavior as an example, with a particular focus on the bee Perdita tortifoliae. Finally, external glazed and dry transport evolved from external moist pollen transport, and the evolution of dry transport led to changes in the location of scopae from the original location on the hind tibia and basitarsus. This then led to the evolution of external moist transport, which first required a transition step whereby pollen is temporarily accumulated on the venter on a patch of specialized hairs. I propose that pollen transport arose from adult pollen-feeding behavior and that internal transport of pollen is ancestral in bees. Here, I propose a new hypothesis to explain the origin and subsequent evolution of pollen transport in bees. Instead, more recent hypotheses contend that external transport of dry pollen is ancestral in bees. Older hypotheses proposed that crop transport was the original mode of pollen transport, but more recent molecular phylogenies have cast doubt on that view. Currently, the origin and evolution of pollen transport remains unsettled. AbstractThe ability to transport pollen from flowers back to the nest represents a key innovation in the evolution of bees from predatory wasp ancestors.
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